Latin Hoo reaḱ Standardisation

CONSONANT KO:

Kk Kk	Gg Gg	Ṅṅ Ṅṅ	Ḱḱ Ḱḱ	Hh Hh
Cc Cc	Jj Jj	Ńń Ńń	Ćć Ćć	Ss Ss
Tt Tt	Dd Dd	Nn Nn	T́t́ T́t́	Ll Ll
Pp Pp	Bb Bb	Mm Mm	Ṕṕ Ṕṕ	Vv Vv
Ṭṭ Ṭṭ	Ḍḍ Ḍḍ	Ṛṛ Ṛṛ	Rr Rr	Yy Yy

Preglottalized Consonant T́, Ṕ anḍoḱ Glottal Stop Ḱ· Ć reaḱ Letter do Bodding aete idi akana. Ć· V do Kaji reaḱ Naṅkatai (Etymology) uduṕ lagit́ sekar oloḱa, ena reaḱ Kajiòṅ (Pronunciation) do Hoo Kaji re sida leka ge banoḱa. Retroflex Nasal (Ṇ/ण) do Ol re ká asitiṅ te ká ol misa akana. Y do Kajihon tala re enaṅ hućoḱa, Unkuḍu anḍoḱ Tupunḍu re do ká.

VOWEL KO:

DUNGUĆ	JILIṄ	DUNGUĆ MUAÒṄ	JILIṄ MUAÒṄ	OLSAÁPANIṄAḰ
Aa Aa	Áá Áá	Ãã Ãã	Ää Ää	Ââ Ââ
Ee Ee	Éé Éé	Ẽẽ Ẽẽ	Ëë Ëë	Êê Êê
Ii Ii	Íí Íí	Ĩĩ Ĩĩ	Ïï Ïï	Îî Îî
Oo Oo	Óó Óó	Õõ Õõ	Öö Öö	Ôô Ôô
Uu Uu	Úú Úú	Ũũ Ũũ	Üü Üü	Ûû Ûû

A: Ata, Bata, Baṭa, Kaṭa, Daṭa, Bah, paa, baa.

E: Edel, berel, hende, Merel, leṭeć, Peeć.

I: Isin, (Baba) ril, dili, Hili, Bili, riiṅ.

O: Okoa, oṭaṅ, otoṅ, ol, omon, Hoo.

U: (Sim) Ukut́, uku, uruṕ, Utu, Uṭu.

Á: Láć, ká, lá, Káḱ (Oe).

É: (Manḍi) lé, ké, lém-lém (Sayt́), bét́-bét́ (Minḍi Raḱ).

Í: Ím, lí, Tí, sí.

Ó: Jó, randó (lekanić), mó, Bóṛo.

Ú: Nú, súć-súć (Baṭa Oe raḱ), (Daḱ) Sút́.

Ã: Dãe, Rão (Oe), Ãi (daru), ãil, rãasa, Ãar, Gãa.

Ẽ: Ṭẽoḱ, ṭẽo, sẽa, cẽo-cẽo (Banam Saḍi), rẽeć, Ẽe, ẽeć.

Ĩ: hĩṛi, sĩić, Sikĩić, Jĩi (Daru)

Õ: Deõa, õa, Sakõa.

Ũ: Gũisa (Haku), (Lutur) Ũuyut́

Ä: jäl, kät́-köt́ (Agomari Oe Raḱ), Käyur, sä-sü (Sayt́)

Ë: cë-cë (tan saḍi)

Ï: pït́-pït́ (Horn Saḍi).

Ö: Röso, Cö (Susun), Gör (Oe), Höńat́ (Oe)

Ü: sü-sü (Sayt́), üt́-üt́ (Imu Oe Raḱ)

Deeney do jiliṅ Vowel ko, cetan re Macron teć ol akat́koa (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū), nentaḱ re Acute Accent do bode uromoḱ lagit́ sala akana. Â, Ê, Ô do Dictionary ko re A, E, O ko reaḱ labar Pronunciation ol lagit́ agujoṅ daeoḱa, baredo mit́ge oloḱ Kajihon ko sapaniṅ re, Example lekate, ka (negative Particle) anḍoḱ kâ Optative Mood Marker, Plural Marker ko anḍoḱ third person plural Pronoun Clitic kô, English 'Era' anḍoḱ Hookaji Êra.

«Anjaać maraṅoḱkâ» menteaḱ ge «Anjaakâć maraṅoḱ» menteó ol daeoḱa, nen taḱ re â te baria Meaning sapaniṅoḱ tana.

Tí te ol lagit́ Latin Hoo reaḱ Cursive Form ó menaḱa.

RULE KO:

1. Saben Noun ko Capital Letter te ol eṭećoḱa. Nena do, Kajihon ko esu flexible ge taen, Noun ko ó ge Verb leka agujoṅoḱ lekan, Kaji reaḱ Peculiarity ko ol misaè lagit́aḱ ge.

2. Proto-North Munda re ḱ,, ć te tunḍuoḱ, Hookaji re saben ge Glottal Stop yan Sound ko do PNM re leka ge oloḱa. E.g.:

reʔ > reć

goʔe > goć

sareʔ > sareć

Uriʔ > Urić

aʔe > ać

Iʔi > Ić

Cariʔ > Carić

sokoʔe > sokoć

pereʔ > pereć

uʔi > uć

Muʔi > Muć

Nakiʔ > Nakić

gitiʔ > gitić

Láʔi > Láć

sĩṛĩć > sĩić

tagoʔe > tagoć

eṭeʔ > eṭeć

3.  PNM ren ṛ kajiàt́ yan aete hobanam akan Vowel Àjiliṅ· Diphthong ko do, ṛ atom keet́ PNM re leka ge oloḱa; Vowel ko re Nasalization taen redo, ena ayaraḱ Vowel re sekar oloḱa. E.g.:

Aṛandi > Aandi

ikuṛum > ikuum

Kuṛam > Kuam

paṛa > paa

Mukuṛi > Mukui

Hoṛmo/Homoṛo > Homoo

Hoṛo > Hoo

anjaṛa > anjaa

haṛaḱ > haaḱ (Hookaji re ge Nasalisation menaḱa)

naṛaka > naaka

rãṛãsa > rãasa

ẽṛẽć > ẽeć

Sikĩṛĩć > Sikĩić (PNM re Nasalization taekena ci ká -menteaḱ ká clear akana. Hookaji re Nasalization banoḱ Pronunciation ó menaḱa, Sikiić)

4. PNM re h taeken taḱ kore ena ol ruaaè teaḱ attempt hoban teaḱge, ena reaḱte Vowel àjiliṅ akan do, h tayomaḱ Vowel olbageoḱa. E.g.:

Baha > Bah

Sahan > Sahn

Bohoḱ > Bohḱ

Rehet́ > Reht́

Hanhar > Hanhr

Hońhar > Hońhr

nahaḱ > nahḱ

jaha > jah

5. PNM re ṛ,, h banar taeken taḱ kore, banar ge uduḱ misaoḱ teaḱge. E.g.:

Meṛehet́ > Meeht́

heṛehet́ > heeht́

haṛahat́ > haaht́

6. Canabaaḱ t́ kajiàt́ yan aete Vowel àjiliṅ akan redo, t́ ayaraḱ Vowel olbage keet́, PNM re leka ge oloḱa. E.g.:

ilat́ > ilt́

Surut́ > Surt́

Jilat́ > Jilt́

Murut́ > Murt́

seret́ > sert́

selet́ > selt́

irit́ > irt́

jeret́ > jert́

olet́ > olt́

7. Word ko re ng Combination mit́sa-mit́sa ge hućoḱ te, g· j ayar hućoḱ ṅ· ń do n ge oloḱa, sari te ng hućoḱ Word kore tannga re leka nng oloḱ reó. E.g.:

Siṅgi > Singi

salaṅgi > salangi

tiṅgu > tingu

ańjaa > anjaa

8. Phonological Reason te Vowel jiliṅ akan Word kore, jiliṅ Vowel do Acute Accent te uduḱoḱa, PNM re Nasalisation banoḱ re ena olbageoḱa. E.g.:

Tí, Jó, sí, lá, Íl, Ím

9. PNM Word tala kore V taekenaḱ ko do, Ol re bar Jana aete miat́ Vowel olbage keet́, uduḱe teaḱ Attempt hoban teaḱge. E.g.:

Rava > Rva (Kaji re Roa)

Irivil > Irivl (Kaji re Iríl)

jivet́ > jivt́ (Kaji re jít́)

even > evn (Kaji re én/eon)

livet́ > livt́ (Kaji re liut́)

havet́ > hayt́

Baver > Baver (Kaji re Bayer/Bayar)

lavar > lavr (Kaji re labar/lár. Nen miat́ Kajihon ge baria daeoḱa, lavar = light weight, lavr = easy)

10. PNM ren ḍ do Hookaji re saben taḱ ṛ caba yana, ṭ ó okon-okon paa do ṛ akana. Enako saben PNM re leka ge oloḱa. E.g.

Gaṛa > Gaḍa

Guṛu > Guḍu

koṛeć > koṭeć

peṛeć > peṭeć (Kolom Kuṭi reaḱ do Pêteć oloḱa)

11. Horho· Janhe lekan Word ko re tala reaḱ h do, Hanhar > Hanhr· heṛhet́ > heeht́ re leka Word re ol misa ká êtooḱ te, ho/hu do w anḍoḱ hi/he do y olè reó, enkate: horho > horw, rohoṛo > rwoo, Torhot́ > Torwt́, Janhe > Jany, Kulhi > Kuly.

12. Number Suffix ko· kin do oltoḍaoḱa, Person Suffix -iń/ań· -me/-m· -ć/-ić· -laṅ· -liṅ· -ben· -kin· -bu· -le· -pe· -kô do oljuaḱoḱa. Oljuaḱ akan -m· -ben· -kin· -bu· -le· -pe eman ká urumoḱ leka adaoḱ re -mm· -benn· -kinn· -bû· -lê· -pê te olsapaniṅoḱ reó.

13. Aspect Suffix let́/len· ket́/ken· (yat́)/yan· tat́/tan· akat́/akan do oltoḍaoḱa. Verb· Aspect juaḱ yan aete miat́ Word baioḱ re ena oljuaḱoḱ reó. E.g. Bageàkan· Niaràkan.

14. ḱ· ć· t́· ṕ te tunḍuoḱ Kajihon reaḱ Conjugation baioḱ reó nen Letter enka ge taena, Kajiòṅ enkaoḱ reó, g· j· d· b ká oloḱa.

15. Hookaji ren Aspect loḱ te Transitivity Suffix ko do oltoḍaoḱa, en Suffix ko do neleka menaḱa:

		Transitive	Intransitive	Examples
Past	Pluperfect	let́	len	nutum let́ań, 'I had previously named'; nutum lenań, 'I was previously named'
	Aorist	ket́	ken	nutum ket́ań, 'I named'; nutum kenań, 'I used to name'
	Ingressive	--	yan	nutum yanań, 'I had begun to be named / I was named'
	Perfect	akat́	akan	nutum akat́ań, 'I have named'; nutum akanań, 'I have been named (I'm famous)'
Non-past	Progressive/Continuous/Punctual	tat́	tan	nutum tat́ań, 'I have (just) named'; nutumè tanań, 'I am naming it'
	Present/Future	-Ø	-oḱ	nuútumań, 'I name (habitually)'; nutumoḱań, 'I will be named'
		lee	leenoḱ	nutum leeań, 'I will first name it'; nutum leenoḱań 'I will first be famous'
		kee	keenoḱ	nutum keeań, 'I will name it (before doing something else)'
		akaa	akaanoḱ	nutum akaaàń, 'I will keep naming'; nutum akaanoḱań, 'I will continue to be named'
		taa	-	nutum taaàń, 'I will name it now'

16. Verb Conjugation re hućoḱ Inanimate Object suffix to è oloḱa, è ayaraḱ Letter re jahn Diacritic menaḱ sekaaà redo sama e ge oloḱa:

nel > nelè
jom > jomè
nú > núe
met́ > met́e
rakaṕ > rakaṕe
soṅ > soṅe
tuń > tuńe

17.  Verb loḱ te joaoḱ Personal Pronoun nelekaà:

				Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	Exclusive			-iń	-iṅ	-le
	Inclusive				-laṅ	-bu
2nd person				-me	-ben	-pe
3rd person				-iy	-kin	-ko

Example:

nel → neliń, nelliṅ, nellaṅ, nelle, nelbu, nelme, nelben, nelpe, neliy, nelkin, nelko.

raa → raaiń, raaliṅ, raalaṅ, raale, raabu, raame, raaben, raape, raaiy, raakin, raako.

18. Duraṅ ko re, Hon > Non, ankir > nankir leka hoban Change do neleka oloḱa:

Hon > Ṉhon
ankir > ṉankir

19. Linguistic Reason te jahmente jahtaḱ re Hookaji ren Infix ko ol uduḱoḱ teaḱ asitiṅ yan re, enako -ṉ-· -ṯ-· -m̱-· -ꝑ-· -ṟ- eman te uduḱoḱ reó.