CONSONANT KO:
Preglottalized Consonant T́, Ṕ anḍoḱ Glottal Stop Ḱ, Ć reaḱ Letter ko do Bodding aete idi akana. Ć„ V do Kaji reaḱ Naṅkatai (Etymology) uduṕ lagit́ sekarkinn oloḱa, enakin reaḱ Pronunciation do Hoo Kaji re sida leka ge banoḱa. Retroflex Nasal (Ṇ/ण) do Ol re ká dorkar te ká ol misa akana. Y do Kajihon re enaṅ hućoḱa, Unkuṛu anḍoḱ Tupunḍu re do ká.
Á: Láć, ká, lá, Káḱ (Oe).
É: (Manḍi) lé, ké, lém-lém (Sayt́), bét́-bét́ (Minḍi Raḱ).
Í: Ím, lí, Tí, sí.
Ó: Jó, randó (lekanić), mó, Bóṛo.
Ú: Nú, súć-súć (Baṭa Oe raḱ), (Daḱ) Sút́.
Ã: Dãe, Rão (Oe), Ãi (daru), ãil, rãasa, Ãar, Gãa.
Ẽ: Ṭẽoḱ, ṭẽo, sẽa, chẽo-chẽo (Banam Saḍi), rẽeć, Ẽe, ẽeć.
Ĩ: hĩṛi, sĩić, Sikĩić, Jĩi (Daru)
Õ: Deõa, õa, Sakõa.
Ũ: Gũisa (Haku), (Lutur) Ũuyut́
Ã́: jã́l, kã́t́-kṍt́ (Agomari Oe Raḱ), Kã́yur, sã́-sṹ (Sayt́)
Ẽ́: chẽ́-chẽ́ (tan saḍi), Chẽ́l, mẽ́-mẽ́ (Raḱ)
Ĩ́: pĩ́t́-pĩ́t́ (Horn Saḍi).
Ṍ: Rṍso, Chṍ (Susun), Gṍr (Oe), Hṍńat́ (Oe)
Ṹ: sṹ-sṹ (Sayt́), ṹt́-ṹt́ (Imu Oe Raḱ)
"Anjaać maraṅoḱkâ" menteaḱ ge "Anjaakâć maraṅoḱ" menteó ol daeoḱa, nen taḱ re â te baria Meaning sapaniṅoḱ tana.
Tí te ol lagit́ Latin Hoo reaḱ Cursive Form ó menaḱa.
Iʔi > Ić
Chariʔ > Charić
sokoʔe > sokoć
pereʔ > pereć
uʔi > uć
Muʔi > Muć
Nakiʔ > Nakić
gitiʔ > gitić
Láʔi > Láć
sĩṛĩć > sĩić
Aṛandi > Aandi
ikuṛum > ikuum
rãṛãsa > rãasa
ẽṛẽć > ẽeć
Sikĩṛĩć > Sikĩić (PNM re Nasalization taekena chi ká -menteaḱ ká clear akana. Hookaji re Nasalization banoḱ Pronunciation ó menaḱa, Sikiić)
nahaḱ > nahḱ
jaha > jah
5. PNM re ṛ,, h banar taeken taḱ kore, banar ge uduḱ misaoḱ teaḱge. E.g.:
Meṛehet́ > Meeht́
heṛehet́ > heeht́
haṛahat́ > haaht́
6. Chanabaaḱ t́ kajiàt́ ean aete Vowel àjiliṅ akan redo, t́ ayaraḱ Vowel olbage keet́, PNM re leka ge oloḱa. E.g.:
ilat́ > ilt́
Surut́ > Surt́
Jilat́ > Jilt́
Murut́ > Murt́
seret́ > sert́
selet́ > selt́
Torhot́ > Torht́
irit́ > irt́
jeret́ > jert́
7. Word ko re ng Combination mit́sa-mit́sa ge hućoḱ te, g,, j ayar hućoḱ ṅ,, ń do n ge oloḱa, sari te ng hućoḱ Word kore tannga re leka nng oloḱ reó. E.g.:
Siṅgi > Singi
salaṅgi > salangi
tiṅgu > tingu
ańjaa > anjaa
8. Phonological Reason te Vowel jiliṅ akan Word kore, jiliṅ Vowel do Acute Accent te uduḱoḱa, PNM re Nasalisation banoḱ re ena olbageoḱa. E.g.:
Tí, Jó, sí, lá, Íl, Ím
9. PNM Word tala kore V taekenaḱ ko do, Ol re bar Jana aete miat́ Vowel olbage keet́, uduḱe teaḱ Attempt hoban teaḱge. E.g.:
Rava > Rva (Kaji re Roa)
Irivil > Irivl (Kaji re Iríl)
jivet́ > jivt́ (Kaji re jít́)
even > evn (Kaji re én/eon)
livet́ > livt́ (Kaji re liut́)
havet́ > hayt́
Baver > Baver (Kaji re Bayer/Bayar)
lavar > lavr (Kaji re labar/lár. Nen miat́ Kajihon ge baria daeoḱa, lavar = light weight, lavr = easy)
10. PNM ren ḍ do Hookaji re saben taḱ ṛ chaba eana, ṭ ó okon-okon paa do ṛ akana. Enako saben PNM re leka ge oloḱa. E.g.
Gaṛa > Gaḍa
Guṛu > Guḍu
koṛeć > koṭeć
peṛeć > peṭeć (Kolom Kuṭi reaḱ do Pêteć oloḱa)
11. Horho„ Janhe lekan Word ko re tala reaḱ h do, Hanhar > Hanhr„ heṛhet́ > heeht́ re leka Word re ol misa ká êtooḱ te, ho/hu do w anḍoḱ hi/he do y olè reó, enkate: horho > horw„ rohoṛo > rwoo, Janhe > Jany.
12. Number Suffix ko„ kin do oltoḍaoḱa, Person Suffix -iń/ań„ -me/-m„ -ć/-ić„ -laṅ„ -liṅ„ -ben„ -kin„ -bu„ -le„ -pe„ -kô do oljuaḱoḱa. Oljuaḱ akan -m„ -ben„ -kin„ -bu„ -le„ -pe eman ká urumoḱ leka adaoḱ re -mm„ -benn„ -kinn„ -bû„ -lê„ -pê te olsapaniṅoḱ reó.
13. Aspect Suffix let́/len„ ket́/ken„ (eat́)/ean„ tat́/tan„ akat́/akan do oltoḍaoḱa. Verb„ Aspect juaḱ ean aete miat́ Word baioḱ re ena oljuaḱoḱ reó. E.g. Bageàkan„ Niaràkan.
14. ḱ„ ć„ t́„ ṕ te tunḍuoḱ Word ko reaḱ Conjugation baioḱ reó nen Letter ko enka gekó taena, enko kaji rekô enkaoḱ reó, ol redo g„ j„ d„ b kakô baioḱa.
15. Hookaji ren Aspect loḱ te Transitivity Suffix ko do oltoḍaoḱa, en Suffix ko do neleka menaḱa:
| Transitive | Intransitive | Examples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | Pluperfect | let́ | len | nutum let́ań, 'I had previously named'; nutum lenań, 'I was previously named' |
| Aorist | ket́ | ken | nutum ket́ań, 'I named'; nutum kenań, 'I used to name' | |
| Ingressive | -- | ean | nutum eanań, 'I had begun to be named / I was named' | |
| Perfect | akat́ | akan | nutum akat́ań, 'I have named'; nutum akanań, 'I have been named (I'm famous)' | |
| Non-past | Progressive/Continuous/Punctual | tat́ | tan | nutum tat́ań, 'I have (just) named'; nutumè tanań, 'I am naming it' |
| Present/Future | -Ø | -oḱ | nuútumań, 'I name (habitually)'; nutumoḱań, 'I will be named' | |
| lee | leenoḱ | nutum leeań, 'I will first name it'; nutum leenoḱań 'I will first be famous' | ||
| kee | keenoḱ | nutum keeań, 'I will name it (before doing something else)' | ||
| akaa | akaanoḱ | nutum akaaàń, 'I will keep naming'; nutum akaanoḱań, 'I will continue to be named' | ||
| taa | - | nutum taaàń, 'I will name it now' | ||
16. Verb Conjugation re hućoḱ Inanimate Object suffix to è oloḱa, è ayaraḱ Letter re jahn Diacritic menaḱ sekaa redo sama e ge oloḱa:
nel > nelè
jom > jomè
nú > núe
met́ > met́e
rakaṕ > rakaṕe
soṅ > soṅe
tuń > tuńe
17. Duraṅ ko re, Hon > Non, ankir > nankir leka hoban Change do neleka oloḱa:
Hon > Nhon
ankir > nànkir
18. Linguistic Reason te jahmente jahtaḱ re Hookaji ren Infix ko ol uduḱoḱ teaḱ asitiṅ ean re, enako -ṉ-„ -ṯ-„ -m̱-„ -ꝑ-„ -ṟ- eman te uduḱoḱ reó.
nel > nelè
jom > jomè
nú > núe
met́ > met́e
rakaṕ > rakaṕe
soṅ > soṅe
tuń > tuńe
17. Duraṅ ko re, Hon > Non, ankir > nankir leka hoban Change do neleka oloḱa:
Hon > Nhon
ankir > nànkir
18. Linguistic Reason te jahmente jahtaḱ re Hookaji ren Infix ko ol uduḱoḱ teaḱ asitiṅ ean re, enako -ṉ-„ -ṯ-„ -m̱-„ -ꝑ-„ -ṟ- eman te uduḱoḱ reó.
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